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William C. Banton Oral History
William C. Banton
William C. Banton was interviewed by Edwin W. McCleskey on July 5, 1990, for approximately 67 minutes.
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Ella B. Brown Oral History
Ella B. Brown
Ella B. Brown was interviewed by James Carter and William M. Geideman on July 27, 1990, for approximately 22 minutes. Brown discusses her experiences at Homer G. Phillips Hospital, where she served as director of nursing service.
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David Goldring Oral History
David Goldring
David Goldring was interviewed by Edwin W. McCleskey on July 20, 1990, for approximately 19 minutes. Goldring discusses his experience working with Black pediatric patients at St. Louis Children’s Hospital and Homer G. Phillips Hospital.
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Samuel B. Guze Oral History
Samuel B. Guze
Samuel B. Guze was interviewed by James Carter on July 23, 1990, for approximately 49 minutes. Guze discusses his experience with segregation and desegregation at the Washington University School of Medicine and its affiliated hospitals.
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John C. Herweg Oral History
John C. Herweg
John C. Herweg was interviewed by James Carter and William M. Geideman on June 29, 1990, for approximately 44 minutes. Herweg discusses admissions procedures for Washington University School of Medicine in relation to attracting and retaining minority students. [Interview 2 of 2]
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John C. Herweg Oral History
John C. Herweg
John C. Herweg was interviewed by Edwin W. McCleskey and William M. Geideman on June 13, 1990, for approximately 45 minutes. Herweg discusses the segregated wards for Black patients in Barnes Hospital and the desegregation of St. Louis Children’s Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine. [Interview 1 of 2]
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Lawrence I. Kahn Oral History
Lawrence I. Kahn
Lawrence I. Kahn was interviewed by James Carter and William M. Geideman on July 23, 1990, for approximately 35 minutes. Kahn discusses his memories of working with Dr. Park White and his recollections of the segregated ward for Black patients at St. Louis Children’s Hospital.
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Michael M. Karl Oral History
Michael M. Karl
Michael M. Karl was interviewed by James Carter and William M. Geideman on July 24, 1990, for approximately 11 minutes. Karl discusses the ways in which hospitals were segregated in St. Louis when he first came to the city in the 1930s, and how the desegregation of Barnes Hospital came about.
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William M. Landau Oral History
William M. Landau
William M. Landau was interviewed by Edwin W. McCleskey and William M. Geideman on June 15, 1990, for approximately 67 minutes. Landau discusses his experience as a child who grew up in the highly segregated city of St. Louis. He also recalls his experience with the desegregation of the medical center.
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Robert Lee Oral History
Robert Lee
Robert Lee was interviewed by Edwin W. McCleskey and William M. Geidement on June 12, 1990, for approximately 1 hour and 35 minutes. Lee discusses his work as Assistant Dean for Minority Student Affairs at Washington University School of Medicine and his efforts to increase recruitment, admission, and retention of Black students and students from other minority groups.
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Julian C. Mosley, Jr. Oral History
Julian C. Mosley Jr.
Julian C. Mosley was interviewed by James Cater and William Geideman on July 6, 1990, for approximately 57 minutes. Mosley discusses his experience as a Black medical student at Washington University in the 1960s and recruitment strategies and programs for minority students.
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Paul N. Saunders Oral History
Paul N. Saunders
Paul N. Saunders was interviewed by Edwin W. McCleskey and William M. Geideman on June 12, 1990, for approximately 64 minutes. Saunders discusses a lawsuit filed against Barnes Hospital in 1978 for civil rights violations and other hospital policies and procedures which create informal segregation.
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Howard Phillip Venable Oral History
Howard Phillip Venable
Howard Phillip Veneable was interviewed by Edwin W. McCleskey and William M. Geideman on July 14, 1990, for approximately 1 hour and 16 minutes. Venable discusses his experience at Homer G. Phillips Hospital, the desegregation of hospitals in St. Louis, his work with students, and his experience with housing discrimination.
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James M. Whittico Oral History
James M. Whittico
James M. Whittico was interviewed by Edwin W. McCleskey on July 25, 1990, for approximately 90 minutes.
In this oral history project, Dr. Edwin McCleskey and his associates, medical students James Carter and William Geideman, conducted interviews with 13 individuals who played a role in the desegregation of Washington University School of Medicine and its associated hospitals.
The interviewees include Ella Brown, the last Director of Nursing Services at Homer G. Phillips Hospital; Dr. Robert Lee, the first Assistant Dean for Minority Students at the School of Medicine; Dr. Julian Mosley, the second Black graduate of the School of Medicine; and Dr. Howard Phillip Venable, the last chairman of the Department of Ophthalmology at Homer G. Phillips and a vocal advocate for civil rights.
Topics include the segregated facilities at Barnes Hospital and St. Louis Children’s Hospital prior to integration; the events and decisions leading to desegregation in the medical school and hospitals; recruitment, admissions, and retention of minority students at the School of Medicine; Homer G. Phillips Hospital, its role in the Black community, and its closure; the state of health care for the Black community in St. Louis; and the desegregation of local and national medical societies.
The collection also includes related documents donated by some of the interviewees. For more information, please see the Washington University Medical Center Desegregation Project Records page in the Becker Archives Database. For information regarding access, please contact Becker Archives at arb@wusm.wustl.edu.
Dr. McCleskey was an assistant professor in the Department of Cell Biology and Physiology at the School of Medicine at the time he developed this project and conducted the interviews with his associates.
The interviews were all recorded on audio cassette tapes. Additions to the interview transcripts are marked with brackets. Interviewees were allowed to review these transcripts and make grammatical corrections. Also, interviewees were allowed to suggest additions or retractions from the transcript to ensure their meaning was clear.
In general, there are some discrepancies between the audio recording and interview transcripts, including elisions and occasional rewordings, however these changes do not create any significant impediments to understanding the content of the interviews. In some cases, noted in the interview abstract and the transcripts, interviewees made substantial edits to their interview transcripts, which created additional discrepancies between the recording and transcript, but the edits do not interfere with understanding the original content.
Oral histories with Dr. William C. Banton and Dr. James M. Whittico were included as part of this project, but have restricted access.
Please contact Becker Archives at arb@wusm.wustl.edu
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