Journal
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Publication Date
2-3-2026
Volume
123
Issue
5
First Page
e2517066123
Document Type
Open Access Publication
DOI
10.1073/pnas.2517066123
Rights and Permissions
Schmidt WC, Mousavi A, Li J, Yang R, Gonzalez Marin G, Schreiber HL 4th, Hammann RES, Obernuefemann CLP, Bergeron K, Klim A, Wong D, Du K, Hultgren SJ, Chen Q, Celestian A, Wong GCL, Scotland KB. Intercalated bacterial biofilms are intrinsic internal components of calcium-based kidney stones. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2026 Feb 3;123(5):e2517066123. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2517066123 Copyright © 2026 the Author(s). Published by PNAS. This open access article is distributed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License 4.0 (CC BY-NC-ND).
Recommended Citation
Schmidt, William C; Schreiber, Henry L; Hammann, Rachael E S; Obernuefemann, Chloe L P; Bergeron, Karla; Klim, Aleksandra; Wong, Daniel; Du, Kefu; Hultgren, Scott J; and et al., "Intercalated bacterial biofilms are intrinsic internal components of calcium-based kidney stones." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 123, 5. e2517066123 (2026).
https://digitalcommons.wustl.edu/oa_4/6207
Department
ICTS (Institute of Clinical and Translational Sciences)
Additional Links
Supplemental material is available for this article at publisher site.
