The Open Access Publications collection contains peer-reviewed articles authored by Washington University School of Medicine faculty that have been published in open access journals or authorized by the publishers for open access availability. Open access works are generally defined as being publicly available online and free of most licensing and copyright restrictions. The Bernard Becker Medical Library maintains this collection in support of Washington University’s commitment to the principles of open access publishing and making the scholarly work and research results of our faculty as widely and easily available as possible.
You can find more information about Washington University's Open Access Resolution in Becker Medical Library's Open Access subject guide “OA Resolution at WU”
Submissions from 2010
Genetic Targeting of ERK1 Suggests a Predominant Role for ERK2 in Murine Pain Models, Benedict J. Alter, Chengshui Zhao, Farzana Karim, Gary E. Landreth, and Robert W. Gereau IV
F-actin binding regions on the androgen receptor and huntingtin increase aggregation and alter aggregate characteristics, Suzanne Angeli, Jieya Shao, and Marc I. Diamond
Comparison of the eragen multi-code respiratory virus panel with conventional viral testing and real-time multiplex PCR assays for detection of respiratory viruses, Max Q. Arens, Richard S. Buller, Anne Rankin, Sheila Mason, Amy Whetsell, Eugene Agapov, Wai-Ming Lee, and Gregory A. Storch
Columnar cell lesions and subsequent breast cancer risk: a nested case-control study, Sarah A. Aroner, Laura C. Collins, Stuart J. Schnitt, James L. Connolly, Graham A. Colditz, and Rulla M. Tamimi
Computational reprogramming of homing endonuclease specificity at multiple adjacent base pairs, Justin Ashworth, Gregory K. Taylor, James J. Havranek, S. A. Quadri, Barry L. Stoddard, and David Baker
Antagonism of the complement component C4 by flavivirus nonstructural protein NS1, Panisadee Avirutnan, Anja Fuchs, Richard E. Hauhart, Pawit Somnuke, Soonjeon Youn, Michael S. Diamond, and John P. Atkinson
A novel multifunctional oligonucleotide microarray for Toxoplasma gondii, Amit Bahl, Paul H. Davis, Michael Behnke, Florence Dzierszinski, Manjunatha Jagalur, Feng Chen, Dhanasekaran Shanmugam, Michael W. White, David Kulp, and David S. Roos
Gene duplication and fragmentation in the zebra finch major histocompatibility complex, Christopher N. Balakrishnan, Robert Ekblom, Martin Völker, Helena Westerdahl, Ricardo Godinez, Holly Kotkiewicz, David W. Burt, Tina Graves, Darren K. Griffin, Wesley C. Warren, and Scott V. Edwards
Lethal antibody enhancement of dengue disease in mice is prevented by Fc modification, Scott J. Balsitis, Katherine L. Williams, Ruben Lachica, Diana Flores, Jennifer L. Kyle, Erin Mehlhop, Syd Johnson, Michael S. Diamond, P. Robert Beatty, and Eva Harris
Identifying basal ganglia divisions in individuals using resting-state functional connectivity MRI, Kelly Anne Barnes, Alexander L. Cohen, Jonathan D. Power, Steven M. Nelson, Yannic B.L. Dosenbach, Francis M. Miezin, Steven E. Petersen, and Bradley L. Schlaggar
Differential effects of ApoE isoforms on dendritic spines in vivo: Linking an Alzheimer's disease risk factor with synaptic alterations, Jacob M. Basak and Jungsu Kim
A method for determining cell number in the undisturbed epithelium of the mouse lens, Steven Bassnett and Yanrong Shi
Dynamic contact mechanics of the medial meniscus as a function of radial tear, repair, and partial meniscectomy, Asheesh Bedi, Natalie H. Kelly, Michael Baad, Alice J.S. Fox, Robert H. Brophy, Russell F. Warren, and Suzanne A. Maher
Coordinated progression through two subtranscriptomes underlies the tachyzoite cycle of Toxoplasma gondii, Michael S. Behnke, John C. Wootton, Margaret M. Lehmann, Josh B. Radke, Olivier Lucas, Julie Nawas, L. David Sibley, and Michael W. White
Azithromycin attenuates airway inflammation in a mouse model of viral bronchiolitis, Avraham Beigelman, Cassandra L. Mikols, Sean P. Gunsten, Carolyn L. Cannon, Steven L. Brody, and Michael J. Walter
Aromatase gene polymorphisms are associated with survival among patients with cardiovascular disease in a sex-specific manner, Amber L. Beitelshees, Julie A. Johnson, Megan L. Hames, Yan Gong, Rhonda M. Cooper-DeHoff, Jun Wu, Sharon Cresci, Cynthia X. Ma, Carl J. Pepine, Michael A. Province, John A. Spertus, and Howard L. McLeod
Geobacter uraniireducens NikR Displays a DNA binding mode distinct from other members of the NikR family, Erin L. Benanti and Peter T. Chivers
Gentamicin-collagen sponge for infection prophylaxis in colorectal surgery, Elliot Bennett-Guerrero, Theodore N. Pappas, Walter A. Koltun, James W. Fleshman, Min Lin, Jyotsna Garg, Daniel B. Mark, Jorge E. Marcet, Feza H. Remzi, Virgilio V. George, Kerstin Newland, and G R. Corey
Sliding-clip renorrhaphy provides superior closing tension during robot-assisted partial nephrectomy, Brian M. Benway, Jose M. Cabello, Robert S. Figenshau, and Sam B. Bhayani
Osseous metaplasia late in the course of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis, David R. Berk, Alicia Miller, Debra Scarlett, Franz J. Wippold II, Susan J. Bayliss, and Dongsi Lu
Transgenic overexpression of active calcineurin in beta-cells results in decreased beta-cell mass and hyperglycemia, Ernesto Bernal-Mizrachi, Corentin Cras-Meneur, Bo Ra Ye, James D. Johnson, and M. Alan Permutt
The epidemiology of hematogenous vertebral osteomyelitis: A cohort study in a tertiary care hospital, Kavita P. Bhavan, Jonas Marschall, Margaret A. Olsen, Victoria J. Fraser, Neill M. Wright, and David K. Warren
Report from the 2009 AOA North American traveling fellowship, Ryan T. Bicknell, Gregory J. Della Rocca, Wellington K. Hsu, Amanda D. Marshall, and Robert H. Brophy
Supporting Cells Eliminate Dying Sensory Hair Cells to Maintain Epithelial Integrity in the Avian Inner Ear, Jonathan E. Bird, Nicolas Daudet, Mark E. Warchol, and Jonathan E. Gale
Quantification of indirect pathway inhibition by the adenosine A 2a antagonist SYN115 in Parkinson disease, Kevin J. Black, Jonathan M. Koller, Meghan C. Campbell, Debra A. Gusnard, and Stephen I. Bandak
Phosphorylation of Exo1 modulates homologous recombination repair of DNA double-strand breaks, Emma Bolderson, Nozomi Tomimatsu, Derek J. Richard, Didier Boucher, Rakesh Kumar, Tej K. Pandita, Sandeep Burma, and Kum K. Khanna
mmunohistological studies on neoplasms of female and male Onchocerca volvulus: Filarial origin and absence of Wolbachia from tumor cells, N. W. Brattig, A. Hoerauf, Peter U. Fischer, E. Liebau, C. Bandi, A. Debrah, M. Büttner, and W. Büttner
What's new in spine surgery, Keith H. Bridwell, Paul A. Anderson, Scott D. Boden, Alexander R. Vaccaro, and Jeffrey C. Wang
Classification of traumatic brain injury for targeted therapies, David Brody and et al
Defective cAMP generation underlies the sensitivity of CNS neurons to neurofibromatosis-1 heterozygosity, Jacquelyn A. Brown, Scott M. Gianino, and David H. Gutmann
Pre-steady-state kinetic analysis of truncated and full-length Saccharomyces cerevisiae DNA polymerase eta, Jessica A. Brown, Likui Zhang, Shanen M. Sherrer, John-Stephen Taylor, Peter M.J. Burgers, and Zucai Suo
Isocitrate dehydrogenase is important for nitrosative stress resistance in Cryptococcus neoformans, but oxidative stress resistance is not dependent on glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, Sarah M. Brown, Rajendra Upadhya, James D. Shoemaker, and Jennifer K. Lodge
Measuring the impact of public health policy, Ross C. Brownson, Rachel Seiler, and Amy A. Eyler
Histopathology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, Elizabeth M. Brunt and Dina G. Tiniakos
Images in clinical medicine. Meckel's diverticulum, Brian T. Bucher and Martin S. Keller
Rhomboid 4 (ROM4) affects the processing of surface adhesins and facilitates host cell invasion by Toxoplasma gondii, Jeffrey S. Buguliskis, Fabien Brossier, Joel Shuman, and L. David Sibley
Yeast exonuclease 5 is essential for mitochondrial genome maintenance, Peter M. Burgers, Carrie M. Stith, Bonita L. Yoder, and Justin L. Sparks
Association of IL4R single-nucleotide polymorphisms with rheumatoid nodules in African Americans with rheumatoid arthritis, Paula I. Burgos, Zenoria L. Causey, Ashutosh Tamhane, James M. Kelley, Elizabeth E. Brown, Laura B. Hughes, Maria I. Danila, Amalia van Everdingen, Doyt L. Conn, Beth L. Jonas, Leigh F. Callahan, Edwin A. Smith, Richard D. Brasington Jr, Larry W. Moreland, Desiree M. van der Heijde, Graciela S. Alarcon, and S Louis Bridges Jr
Novel screening agar for detection of vancomycin-nonsusceptible Staphylococcus aureus, Carey-Ann D. Burnham, Carol J. Weber, and W. Michael Dunne Jr.
Integrated genomics of susceptibility to alkylator-induced leukemia in mice, Patrick Cahan and Timothy A. Graubert
A crossover intervention trial evaluating the efficacy of a chlorhexidine-impregnated sponge in reducing catheter-related bloodstream infections among patients undergoing hemodialysis, Bernard C. Camins, Amy M. Richmond, Kathrin L. Dyer, Heather N. Zimmerman, Daniel W. Coyne, Marcos Rothstein, and Victoria J. Fraser
A practical, bioinformatic workflow system for large data sets generated by next-generation sequencing, Cinzia Cantacessi, Aaron R. Jex, Neil D. Young, Bronwyn E. Campbell, Anja Joachim, Matthew J. Nolan, Sahar Abubucker, Paul W. Sternberg, Shoba Ranganathan, Makedonka Mitreva, and Robin B. Gasser
Massively parallel sequencing and analysis of the Necator americanus transcriptome, Cinzia Cantacessi, Makedonka Mitreva, Aaron R. Jex, Neil D. Young, Bronwyn E. Campbell, Ross S. Hall, Maria A. Doyle, Stuart A. Ralph, Elida M. Rabelo, Shoba Ranganathan, Paul W. Sternberg, Alex Loukas, and Robin B. Gasser
Membrane anchoring subunits specify selective regulation of RGS9·Gbeta5 GAP complex in photoreceptor neurons, Yan Cao, Alexander V. Kolesnikov, Ikuo Masuho, Vladimir J. Kefalov, and Kirill A. Martemyanov
Tiotropium bromide step-up therapy for adults with uncontrolled asthma, Mario Castro, Michael J. Walter, and et al
Rapid activation of dormant presynaptic terminals by phorbol esters, Chun Y. Chang, Xiaoping Jiang, Krista L. Moulder, and Steven Mennerick
Adducin 1 (alpha) Gly460Trp variant is associated with left ventricular geometry in Caucasians and African Americans: The HyperGEN Study, Krati Chauhan, Richard B. Devereux, D. C. Rao, Ulrich Broeckel, Charles C. Gu, Paul Hopkins, and Donna K. Arnett
siRNAs from miRNA sites mediate DNA methylation of target genes, Padmanabhan Chellappan, Jing Xia, Xuefeng Zhou, Shang Gao, Xiaoming Zhang, Gabriela Coutino, Franck Vazquez, Weixiong Zhang, and Hailing Jin
Macaque parieto-insular vestibular cortex: Responses to self-motion and optic flow, Aihua Chen, Gregory C. DeAngelis, and Dora E. Angelaki
A novel auxiliary subunit critical to BK channel function in caenorhabditis elegans, Bojun Chen, Qian Ge, Xiao-Ming Xia, Ping Liu, Sijie J. Wang, Haiying Zhan, Betty A. Eipper, and Zhao-Wen Wang
Neoadjuvant endocrine therapy in primary breast cancer: Indications and use as a research tool, Yeehong Chia, M. J. Ellis, and Cynthia Ma
Total raltegravir concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid exceed the 50-percent inhibitory concentration for wild-type HIV-1, David B. Clifford and et al
Combined hip arthroscopy and limited open osteochondroplasty for anterior femoroacetabular impingement, John C. Clohisy, Lukas P. Zebala, Jeffrey J. Nepple, and Gail Pashos
Acute gamma-secretase inhibition of nonhuman primate CNS shifts amyloid precursor protein (APP) metabolism from amyloid-beta production to alternative APP fragments without amyloid-beta rebound, Jacquelynn J. Cook, Kristin R. Wildsmith, David B. Gilberto, Marie A. Holahan, Gene G. Kinney, Parker D. Mathers, Maria S. Michener, Eric A. Price, Mark S. Shearman, Adam J. Simon, Jennifer X. Wang, Guoxin Wu, Kevin E. Yarasheski, and Randall J. Bateman
CRX ChIP-seq reveals the cis-regulatory architecture of mouse photoreceptors, Joseph C. Corbo, Karen A. Lawrence, Marcus Karlstetter, Connie A. Myers, Musa Abdelaziz, William Dirkes, Karin Weigelt, Martin Seifert, Vladimir Benes, Lars G. Fritsche, Bernhard H.F. Weber, and Thomas Langmann
Evaluation of a chromogenic agar for detection of group B streptococcus in pregnant women, Robin R. Craven, Carol J. Weber, Rebecca A. Jennemann, and W. Michael Dunne Jr.
Growth modulation by means of anterior tethering resulting in progressive correction of juvenile idiopathic scoliosis: A case report, Charles H. Crawford and Lawrence G. Lenke
Phospholipase C gamma 2 Is critical for development of a murine model of inflammatory arthritis by affecting actin dynamics in dendritic cells, Viviana Cremasco, Elisa Benasciutti, Marina Cella, Marina Kisseleva, Monica Croke, and Roberta Faccio
A PPARalpha promoter variant impairs ERR-dependent transactivation and decreases mortality after acute coronary ischemia in patients with diabetes, Sharon Cresci, Janice M. Huss, Amber L. Beitelshees, Philip G. Jones, Matt R. Minton, Gerald W. Dorn II, Daniel P. Kelly, John A. Spertus, and Howard L. McLeod
Promoter and Riboswitch Control of the Mg2+ Transporter MgtA from Salmonella enterica, Michael J. Cromie and Eduardo A. Groisman
SNPs associated with cerebrospinal fluid phospho-tau levels influence rate of decline in Alzheimer’s disease, Carlos Cruchaga, John S. K. Kauwe, Kevin Mayo, Noah Spiegel, Sarah Bertelsen, Petra Nowotny, Aarti R. Shah, Richard Abraham, Paul Holligworth, Denise Harold, Michael M. Owen, Julie Williams, Simon Lovestone, Elaine R. Peskind, Ge Li, James B. Leverenz, Douglas Galasko, The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, John C. Morris, Anne M. Fagan, David M. Holtzman, and Alison M. Goate
Virulence plasmid harbored by uropathogenic Escherichia coli functions in acute stages of pathogenesis, Corinne K. Cusumano, Chia S. Hung, Swaine L. Chen, and Scott J. Hultgren
Lipids driving protein structure? Evolutionary adaptations in Kir channels, Nazzareno D'Avanzo, Wayland W.L. Chang, Shizhen Wang, Decha Enkvetchakul, and Colin G. Nichols
Urine interleukin-6 is an early biomarker of acute kidney injury in children undergoing cardiac surgery, Paula Dennen, Christopher Altmann, Jonathan Kaufman, Christina L. Klein, Ana Andres-Hernando, Nilesh H. Ahuja, Charles L. Edelstein, Melissa A. Cadnapaphornchai, Angela Keniston, and Sarah Faubel
Splenic injury during percutaneous nephrolithotomy: A case report with novel management technique, Alana C. Desai, Samay Jain, Brian M. Benway, Robert L. Grubb III, Daniel Picus, and Robert S. Figenshau
Tuboovarian abscesses: Is size associated with duration of hospitalization & complications?, Jason DeWitt, Angela Reining, Jenifer E. Allsworth, and Jeffrey F. Peipert
Charting the progression of disability in Parkinson disease: Study protocol for a prospective longitudinal cohort study, Leland E. Dibble, James T. Cavanaugh, Gammon M. Earhart, Terry D. Ellis, Matthew P. Ford, and Kenneth B. Foreman
Soluble amyloid-β, effect on cerebral arteriolar regulation and vascular cells, Hans H. Dietrich, Chuanxi Xiang, Byung H. Han, Gregory J. Zipfel, and David M. Holtzman
Leishmania major survival in selective Phlebotomus papatasi sand fly vector requires a specific SCG-encoded lipophosphoglycan galactosylation pattern, Deborah E. Dobson, Shaden Kamhawi, Phillip Lawyer, Salvatore J. Turco, Stephen M. Beverley, and David L. Sacks
It's not easy being green: The viridans group streptococci, with a focus on pediatric clinical manifestations, Christpher D. Doern and Carey-Ann D. Burnham
Self versus environment motion in postural control, Kalpana Dokka, Robert V. Kenyon, Emily A. Keshner, and Konrad P. Kording
Remember the source: Dissociating frontal and parietal contributions to episodic memory, David I. Donaldson, Mark E. Wheeler, and Steve E. Petersen
Mechanisms of non-apoptotic programmed cell death in diabetes and heart failure, Gerald W. Dorn II
Cerenkov radiation energy transfer (CRET) imaging: A novel method for optical imaging of PET isotopes in biological systems, Robin S. Dothager, Reece J. Goiffon, Erin Jackson, Scott Harpstrite, and David Piwnica-Worms
Magnesium induces neuronal apoptosis by suppressing excitability, W. H. Dribben, L. N. Eisenman, and S. Mennerick
Prevention of healthcare-associated Clostridium difficile infection: What works?, Erik R. Dubberke
Atopic dermatitis-like disease and associated lethal myeloproliferative disorder arise from loss of Notch signaling in the murine skin, Alexis Dumortier, Andre-Dante Durham, Matteo Di Piazza, Sophie Vauclair, Ute Koch, Gisele Ferrand, Isabel Ferrero, Shadmehr Demehri, Lynda Li Song, Andrew G. Farr, Warren J. Leonard, Raphael Kopan, Lucio Miele, Daniel Hohl, Daniel Finke, and Freddy Radtke
Inflammatory monocytes but not neutrophils are necessary to control infection with Toxoplasma gondii in mice, Ildiko R. Dunay, Anja Fuchs, and L. David Sibley
Enhancement of anti-DIII antibodies by the C3d derivative P28 results in lower viral titers and augments protection in mice, Matthew D. Dunn, Shannon L. Rossi, Donald M. Carter, Matthew R. Vogt, Erin Mehlhop, Michael S. Diamond, and Ted M. Ross
CXCR2 and CXCR4 antagonistically regulate neutrophil trafficking from murine bone marrow, Kyle J. Eash, Adam M. Greenbaum, Priya K. Gopalan, and Daniel C. Link
Peripheral CD103+ dendritic cells form a unified subset developmentally related to CD8α+ conventional dendritic cells, Brian T. Edelson, Wumesh KC, Richard Juang, Masako Kohyama, Loralyn A. Benoit, Paul A. Klekotka, Clara Moon, Jörn C. Albring, Wataru Ise, Drew G. Michael, Deepta Bhattacharya, Thaddeus S. Stappenbeck, Michael J. Holtzman, Sun-Sang J. Sung, Theresa L. Murphy, Kai Hildner, and Kenneth M. Murphy
Improving prefrontal cortex function in schizophrenia through focused training of cognitive control, Bethany G. Edwards, Deanna M. Barch, and Todd S. Braver
Chromatin and sequence features that define the fine and gross structure of genomic methylation patterns, John R. Edwards, Anne H. O'Donnell, Robert A. Rollins, Heather E. Peckham, Clarence Lee, Maria H. Milekic, Benjamin Chanrion, Yutao Fu, Tao Su, Hanina Hibshoosh, Jay A. Gingrich, Fatemeh Haghighi, Robert Nutter, and Timothy H. Bestor
p38δ mitogen-activated protein kinase regulates skin homeostasis and tumorigenesis, Tatiana Efimova
Multiple pathways of inhibition shape bipolar cell responses in the retina, Erika D. Eggers and Peter D. Lukasiewicz
MHC class I–deficient natural killer cells acquire a licensed phenotype after transfer into an MHC class I–sufficient environment, Julie M. Elliott, Joseph A. Wahle, and Wayne M. Yokoyama
Catalytic function of PLA2G6 is impaired by mutations associated with infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy but not dystonia-parkinsonism, Laura A. Engel, Zheng Jing, Daniel E. O’Brien, Mengyang Sun, and Paul T. Kotzbauer
Gene-expression profiling for rejection surveillance after cardiac transplantation, Gregory A. Ewald and et al
Next-generation sequencing identifies the natural killer cell microRNA transcriptome, Todd A. Fehniger, Todd Wylie, Elizabeth Germino, Jeffrey W. Leong, Vincent J. Magrini, Sunita Koul, Catherine R. Keppel, Stephanie E. Schneider, Daniel C. Koboldt, Ryan P. Sullivan, Michael E. Heinz, Seth D. Crosby, Rakesh Nagarajan, Giridharan Ramsingh, Daniel C. Link, Timothy J. Ley, and Elaine R. Mardis
Multiplexed echo planar imaging for sub-second whole brain fMRI and fast diffusion imaging, David A. Feinberg, Steen Moeller, Stephen M. Smith, Edward Auerbach, Sudhir Ramanna, Matt F. Glasser, Karla L. Miller, Kamil Ugurbil, and Essa Yacoub
Major depression and the metabolic syndrome, Debra L. Foley, Katherine I. Morley, Pamela A.F. Madden, Andrew C. Heath, John B. Whitfield, and Nicholas G. Martin
Wolfram syndrome 1 gene negatively regulates ER stress signaling in rodent and human cells, Sonya G. Fonseca, Shinsuke Ishigaki, Christine M. Oslowski, Simin Lu, Kathryn L. Lipson, Rajarshi Ghosh, Emiko Hayashi, Hisamitsu Ishihara, Yoshitomo Oka, M. Alan Permutt, and Fumihiko Urano
Structural homology between the C-terminal domain of the PapC usher and its plug, Bradley Ford, Ana Toste Rêgo, Timothy J. Ragan, Jerome Pinkner, Karen Dodson, Paul C. Driscoll, Scott Hultgren, and Gabriel Waksman
Statistical design of personalized medicine interventions: The Clarification of Optimal Anticoagulation through Genetics (COAG) trial, Benjamin French, Jungnam Joo, Nancy L. Geller, Stephen E. Kimmel, Yves Rosenberg, Jeffrey L. Anderson, Brian F. Gage, Julie A. Johnson, Jonas H. Ellenberg, and COAG Investigators
Age-related synaptic loss of the medial olivocochlear efferent innervation, Benjamin Fu, Colleen Le Prell, Dwayne Simmons, Debin Lei, Angela Schrader, Amelia B. Chen, and Jianxin Bao
Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) mediates neuronal Abeta42 uptake and lysosomal trafficking, Rodrigo A. Fuentealba, Qiang Liu, Juan Zhang, Takahisa Kanekiyo, Xiaoyan Hu, Jin-Moo Lee, Mary Jo LaDu, and Guojun Bu
VAV2 and VAV3 as candidate disease genes for spontaneous glaucoma in mice and humans, Keiko Fujikawa, Takeshi Iwata, Kaoru Inoue, Masakazu Akahori, Hanako Kadotani, Masahiro Fukaya, Masahiko Watanabe, Qing Chang, Edward M. Barnett, and Wojciech Swat
Loss of Nix in Pdx1-deficient mice prevents apoptotic and necrotic β cell death and diabetes, Kei Fujimoto, Eric L. Ford, Hung Tran, Burton M. Wice, Seth D. Crosby, Gerald W. Dorn II, and Kenneth S. Polonsky
The impact of packed red blood cell transfusion on clinical outcomes in patients with septic shock treated with early goal directed therapy, Brian M. Fuller, Mithil Gajera, Christa Schorr, David Gerber, R. Phillip Dellinge, Joseph Parrillo, and Sergio Zanotti
Parallel input channels to mouse primary visual cortex, Enquan Gao, Gregory C. DeAngelis, and Andreas Burkhalter